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Vitamina K: dove si trova e a cosa serve
La vitamina K si presenta in due forme. Il tipo principale si chiama fillochinone, si trova nelle verdure a foglia verde come cavolo e spinaci. Il secondo tipo, i menachinoni, si trovano in alcuni alimenti di origine animale e prodotti fermentati. I menachinoni possono anche essere prodotti da batteri nel nostro organismo.
Si trova in tutto l’organismo: cervello, cuore, fegato, ossa, pancreas. Viene scomposta molto rapidamente ed escreta nelle urine o nelle feci. Per questi motivi, è molto raro che raggiunga livelli tossici nel corpo, anche con assunzioni elevate.
Parliamo di una vitamina liposolubile con il ruolo di produrre diverse proteine necessarie per la coagulazione del sangue e lo sviluppo delle ossa. Dipendente dalla vitamina K, la protrombina è una proteina direttamente coinvolta nel processo di coagulazione sanguigna. Anche l’osteocalcina è strettamente connessa alla nostra vitamina, ma ha la funzione di produrre tessuto osseo sano.
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Alimenti ricchi di vitamina K
Buone fonti di vitamina K sono:
verdure (asparagi, broccoli, spinaci)
legumi
carne (fegato)
uova
fragole.
Vitamina K benefici: perché fa bene
La vitamina K porta numerosi vantaggi al nostro corpo. Vediamo quali sono i più importanti.
Salute delle ossa
Sembra esseri una correlazione tra una bassa assunzione di vitamina K e l’osteoporosi. Questa migliora la densità ossea e diminuisce il rischio di fratture.
Salute cognitiva
L’aumento dei livelli ematici di vitamina K viene associato a una migliore memoria episodica nelle persone anziane.
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Salute del cuore
La vitamina K aiuta a mantenere una bassa pressione sanguigna, prevenendo la mineralizzazione (quando i minerali si accumulano nelle arterie). Ciò consente al cuore di pompare il sangue liberamente attraverso il corpo.
La mineralizzazione si verifica in modo naturale con l’età ed è un importante fattore di rischio per le malattie cardiache. Un’adeguata assunzione di vitamina K riduce anche il rischio di ictus.
Dosi raccomandate
Per gli adulti di sesso maschile, la dose giornaliera raccomandata è di 120 milligrammi. Per le donne si scende a 90 milligrammi.
Problematiche
Problemi relativi a un sovradosaggio di vitamina K sono rari e difficilmente può derivare dal consumo di alimenti.
La vitamina K può interagire con diversi farmaci: fluidificanti, anticonvulsivanti, antibiotici, medicinali per abbassare il colesterolo e per perdere peso. Approfondiamo.
I fluidificanti vengono utilizzati per prevenire i coaguli di sangue che possono bloccare il flusso sanguigno al cervello o al cuore. Lavorano diminuendo, o ritardando, la capacità di coagulazione della vitamina K. Questo può interferire con gli effetti di tali farmaci. Mantenere quindi costante l’assunzione della vitamina giorno per giorno può prevenire questi problemi.
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Gli anticonvulsivanti, se assunti durante la gravidanza o durante l’allattamento, possono aumentare il rischio di carenza di vitamina K nel feto o nel neonato.
I farmaci per abbassare il colesterolo interferiscono con l’assorbimento dei grassi. Il grasso alimentare è necessario per assorbire la vitamina K. Quindi, chi assume questa tipologia di medicinali deve sapere che ha un rischio più elevato di sperimentare i sintomi da carenza.
Il modo migliore per garantire al corpo il nutriente sufficiente è una dieta equilibrata, ricca di frutta e verdura. O farsi aiutare dagli integratori.
Carenza vitamina K: i sintomi
La carenza di vitamina K negli adulti è rara, ma può verificarsi nelle persone che assumono farmaci che ne bloccano il metabolismo, come gli antibiotici, o in chi soffre di condizioni che causano malassorbimento di alimenti e sostanze nutrienti.
È invece più possibile nei neonati, perché la vitamina K non attraversa la placenta e il latte materno ne contiene una piccola quantità.
I segni più comuni sono:
maggiore tempo impiegato per la coagulazione del sangue
emorragie
osteoporosi.
Gli antibiotici, come accennato, possono distruggere i batteri che producono vitamina K nell’intestino, riducendone i livelli. Le persone con scarso appetito durante l’utilizzo di questi medicinali sono più a rischio di carenza e possono beneficiare di un integratore.
Poiché la vitamina K è liposolubile, è meglio assumere alimenti contenenti il nutriente con alcuni grassi, per migliorarne l’assorbimento. Condisci quindi i tuoi piatti con un po’ di olio di oliva!
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